Access Control Systems Explained

Choosing the right access control system is about more than picking a door reader and handing out cards. It’s a balance of security, convenience, compliance and cost that should reflect how your organisation actually operates—who needs to go where, when, and under what circumstances. In this long-form guide we’ll explain the main access technologies in plain English, what they’re good at, where they struggle, and how they fit together into a robust, modern solution. We’ll also signpost relevant UK standards and guidance so your system is not only effective but compliant.

At ACCL we design and install end-to-end electronic access control—from single doors to multi-site estates—so we’ll keep this practical. If you’re ready to scope a project, our commercial access control installation team can help you translate these options into a right-sized, future-proof design for your premises.
(See: Commercial Access Control Installation)

0333 900 0101 sales@network-data-cabling.co.uk Contact us
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Andrew Matthews profile picture
Andrew Matthews
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
We commissioned a Wi-Fi survey and installation of new fibre and Cat6 cabling to support a new Wi-Fi installation from Accl in July and August of 2026. ACCL were superb from start to finish. We cannot fault the quality of the work and we received great advice on our project. Very satisfied customer!
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Brigt Valland profile picture
Brigt Valland
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
Very professional company, good at understanding our need and efficient delivery of new building network- and WIFI infrastructure. An extra star for making it easy for me to "remote" organize this from Norway.
Posted on Google Google
Siobhan Codd profile picture
Siobhan Codd
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
We used ACCL for a full WiFi and network install at our Old Street office and are very pleased with the result. They supplied and installed seven Ubiquiti WiFi access points, a UniFi Dream Machine, a 24 port Layer 3 Ubiquiti switch, and ran new Cat6A Leviton cabling with two ports to every AP. The whole job was neat, well planned and done to a very high standard. The coverage across the office is excellent and it looks pretty cool too! Would happily recommend them to anyone needing cabling or network infrastructure done properly.
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Mark Cooper profile picture
Mark Cooper
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
An excellent service from start to finish! The ACCL team installed our new network cabling, the foundation in readiness for supplying and installing a new IP CCTV camera system, professionally and efficiently. They were punctual, knowledgeable, and took the time to ensure everything was installed neatly and working perfectly. Their attention to detail and customer service were outstanding. I very much appreciate the initial project management and upfront planning, which combined to secure a successful delivery. I would highly recommend them to anyone looking for reliable network cabling or CCTV installation. Thank you for a fantastic job.
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Mohammed Alhashimi profile picture
Mohammed Alhashimi
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Wayne and his team for the excellent work they carried out. From start to finish, they were professional, reliable, efficient, and clearly took great pride in delivering a high standard of service. They were professional, efficient, and paid great attention to detail, ensuring everything was neat, clearly labelled, well organised, and completed to a very high standard. The end result was clean, structured, and exactly what we needed. Wayne and his team were reliable, courteous, and clearly committed to doing the job properly rather than simply getting it done. I would highly recommend them to anyone looking for professional cabling work and a team that genuinely takes pride in the quality of their finish.
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Laurence Rutter profile picture
Laurence Rutter
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
So easy to deal with! Great price and great guys! Did exactly what they agreed, on time and in budget. Would thoroughly recommend them to anyone.
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AlonMel Music profile picture
AlonMel Music
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
Wayne and team did an excellent job tidying our office data cabinet over the weekend. Professional, clean work—they went above and beyond with cable management and even relocated the router. Communication was impeccable throughout. Highly recommend.
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Amritpal Singh profile picture
Amritpal Singh
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
"Outstanding service from ACCL. They did an incredible job with our networking and data cabling. The setup is neat, professional, and works perfectly. Extremely knowledgeable and easy to work with. I’ll definitely be using them for all our future IT needs!" Huge Shout to Wayne Connors and David Little for managing this.
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Andy Dawson profile picture
Andy Dawson
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
We've worked with Wayne, David and the ACCL team for a number of years on projects throughout London. One of very few suppliers that we never have to question their proposal on detail or price, everything is clear, transparent and fair. Projects are always completed on time and there are never any costly surprises which we had previously experienced from other suppliers. They all have a vast knowledge on anything fibre optic cabling, copper cabling or wifi. ACCL is now the only data cabling company in our phone book. Highly recommended.
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Indrajit Shah profile picture
Indrajit Shah
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
Great service and communication. Will definitely be contacting Wayne and ACCL for future projects.
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What “type” really means in access control

When people talk about access control “types”, they often mean the credential and reader method—cards, fobs, keypads, biometrics, mobile credentials. In practice, a complete system also includes door hardware (locks, door contacts, request-to-exit), controllers, management software (on-prem or cloud), and the underlying cabling/network. Different combinations of these elements deliver different security levels and user experiences. UK guidance from the National Protective Security Authority (NPSA) frames access control as a way to control “who can go where” while generating an auditable trail—thinking that should underpin your choice of technology. 

Proximity cards and key fobs (RFID)

What they are. Cards and fobs use radio-frequency identification to transmit an ID to a reader at the door. Legacy low-frequency prox cards are common, while newer smartcards use encrypted chips and support stronger security.

Strengths. Low friction for users, fast throughput at busy doors, simple to administer at scale. Lost credentials can be revoked instantly without re-keying locks.

Considerations. Basic prox cards can be cloned with the wrong choices; opt for secure, encrypted credentials and readers. Think about badge lifecycle (issuance, revocation), visitor management and whether you need two-factor (e.g., card + PIN) at sensitive doors. UK standards such as BS EN 60839-11-1 set functional and performance requirements for electronic access control components and systems; specifying compliant kit is a good baseline. 

Where they fit. Offices, education, logistics, light industrial—anywhere you want quick, low-touch passage and a reliable audit trail.

PIN codes and keypads

What they are. Users enter a numeric code on a keypad instead of presenting a physical credential.

Strengths. No cards to issue, useful for back-of-house doors or temporary setups. Can be layered with cards for two-factor authentication.

Considerations. Codes are shareable and can be observed; they need regular hygiene (unique codes, rotation, removal on leavers). NPSA emphasises balancing security with business practicality: ask whether a keypad alone provides sufficient assurance for the assets behind the door, or whether it should supplement another factor. 

Where they fit. Service corridors, plant rooms, low-risk internal doors, or as a secondary factor at higher-risk doors.

Biometric readers (fingerprint, face, iris, vein)

What they are. Devices that verify a physical characteristic unique to the user.

Strengths. High assurance—credentials can’t be lent, forgotten or shared. No card replacement costs, strong auditability, and smooth “friction-right” experiences with modern facial recognition readers.

Considerations. In the UK, biometric data used to uniquely identify a person is generally special category personal data under UK GDPR. That raises the bar for lawful basis, transparency, security and retention, and typically requires a DPIA (Data Protection Impact Assessment) before deployment. You must treat templates and logs carefully and give users clear information about processing. Make sure your supplier’s software supports these controls. For legal clarity, lean on the ICO’s biometric guidance.

Where they fit. Higher-risk areas (labs, data rooms), sites where card sharing is a persistent risk, or where hands-free convenience is important.

Mobile credentials (smartphone NFC/BLE)

What they are. Users present an authenticated smartphone via NFC or Bluetooth Low Energy; the “card” lives in an app or wallet.

Strengths. Excellent convenience (people rarely forget phones), rapid remote provisioning/revocation, reduced plastic and issuance costs. Can enable hands-free or tap-through access flows that speed movement through busy lobbies.

Considerations. Requires compatible readers and a platform that manages credential distribution securely. Think about bring-your-own-device policies and fallbacks when phones are flat or forgotten. If you’re exploring touchless journeys, our short read on hands-free access control outlines practical options and upgrade paths.
(See: Hands-Free Access Control)

Where they fit. Corporate offices, co-working, education, multi-tenant buildings that want modern, low-contact access with easy onboarding.

0333 900 0101 sales@network-data-cabling.co.uk Contact us
Posted on Google Google
Andrew Matthews profile picture
Andrew Matthews
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
We commissioned a Wi-Fi survey and installation of new fibre and Cat6 cabling to support a new Wi-Fi installation from Accl in July and August of 2026. ACCL were superb from start to finish. We cannot fault the quality of the work and we received great advice on our project. Very satisfied customer!
Posted on Google Google
Brigt Valland profile picture
Brigt Valland
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
Very professional company, good at understanding our need and efficient delivery of new building network- and WIFI infrastructure. An extra star for making it easy for me to "remote" organize this from Norway.
Posted on Google Google
Siobhan Codd profile picture
Siobhan Codd
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
We used ACCL for a full WiFi and network install at our Old Street office and are very pleased with the result. They supplied and installed seven Ubiquiti WiFi access points, a UniFi Dream Machine, a 24 port Layer 3 Ubiquiti switch, and ran new Cat6A Leviton cabling with two ports to every AP. The whole job was neat, well planned and done to a very high standard. The coverage across the office is excellent and it looks pretty cool too! Would happily recommend them to anyone needing cabling or network infrastructure done properly.
Posted on Google Google
Mark Cooper profile picture
Mark Cooper
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
An excellent service from start to finish! The ACCL team installed our new network cabling, the foundation in readiness for supplying and installing a new IP CCTV camera system, professionally and efficiently. They were punctual, knowledgeable, and took the time to ensure everything was installed neatly and working perfectly. Their attention to detail and customer service were outstanding. I very much appreciate the initial project management and upfront planning, which combined to secure a successful delivery. I would highly recommend them to anyone looking for reliable network cabling or CCTV installation. Thank you for a fantastic job.
Posted on Google Google
Mohammed Alhashimi profile picture
Mohammed Alhashimi
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Wayne and his team for the excellent work they carried out. From start to finish, they were professional, reliable, efficient, and clearly took great pride in delivering a high standard of service. They were professional, efficient, and paid great attention to detail, ensuring everything was neat, clearly labelled, well organised, and completed to a very high standard. The end result was clean, structured, and exactly what we needed. Wayne and his team were reliable, courteous, and clearly committed to doing the job properly rather than simply getting it done. I would highly recommend them to anyone looking for professional cabling work and a team that genuinely takes pride in the quality of their finish.
Posted on Google Google
Laurence Rutter profile picture
Laurence Rutter
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
So easy to deal with! Great price and great guys! Did exactly what they agreed, on time and in budget. Would thoroughly recommend them to anyone.
Posted on Google Google
AlonMel Music profile picture
AlonMel Music
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
Wayne and team did an excellent job tidying our office data cabinet over the weekend. Professional, clean work—they went above and beyond with cable management and even relocated the router. Communication was impeccable throughout. Highly recommend.
Posted on Google Google
Amritpal Singh profile picture
Amritpal Singh
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
"Outstanding service from ACCL. They did an incredible job with our networking and data cabling. The setup is neat, professional, and works perfectly. Extremely knowledgeable and easy to work with. I’ll definitely be using them for all our future IT needs!" Huge Shout to Wayne Connors and David Little for managing this.
Posted on Google Google
Andy Dawson profile picture
Andy Dawson
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
We've worked with Wayne, David and the ACCL team for a number of years on projects throughout London. One of very few suppliers that we never have to question their proposal on detail or price, everything is clear, transparent and fair. Projects are always completed on time and there are never any costly surprises which we had previously experienced from other suppliers. They all have a vast knowledge on anything fibre optic cabling, copper cabling or wifi. ACCL is now the only data cabling company in our phone book. Highly recommended.
Posted on Google Google
Indrajit Shah profile picture
Indrajit Shah
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
Great service and communication. Will definitely be contacting Wayne and ACCL for future projects.
Verified by Trustindex
Trustindex verified badge is the Universal Symbol of Trust. Only the greatest companies can get the verified badge who has a review score above 4.5, based on customer reviews over the past 12 months. Read more

Intercoms and video door entry

What they are. Audio or video entry systems let reception or occupants verify visitors before release. They may call to handsets, apps or a control room, and can log events alongside other access data.

Strengths. Human verification for visitors and deliveries; seamless for receptions; useful at gates and secondary doors.

Considerations. Specify camera resolution, call destinations, and integration to your access platform so releases are logged. For a deeper dive into options—from SIP entry to app-based video—we’ve outlined typical designs and deployment tips in our entry phone installation service page.
(See: Entry Phone Installation)

Where they fit. Perimeter entrances, reception lobbies, managed receptions, and mixed-use buildings.

Vehicle access: barriers, gates and long-range readers

What they are. Rising arm barriers, gates or bollards controlled by long-range RFID tags, remote controls, intercoms or schedules. Many estates also add ANPR (automatic number plate recognition) to automate vehicle entry policies.

Strengths. Controls car parks and service yards, separates pedestrian and vehicle flows, and can mirror staff access policies for vehicles.

Considerations. Integrate with your people access system where practical, to keep a single source of truth for permissions and audit. If you’re planning perimeter control, we design and install security barriers and integrate them with door systems and reception workflows.
(See: Security Barrier Installation)

Where they fit. Car parks, loading bays, gated compounds, campus-style sites.

System architecture: standalone, networked and cloud-managed

Beyond the reader on the wall, architecture determines how you’ll manage users, permissions and reports across the estate.

Standalone. A reader/controller manages a door locally—fine for a single door or small sites, but limited in central reporting and multi-door policies.

Networked (IP). Door controllers connect over your LAN; administrators manage users, time schedules and reports centrally. This model scales well and integrates cleanly with CCTV and alarms, which is why it’s the norm for modern systems. If you’re refreshing an older setup, our IP security system installation overview shows how IP infrastructure underpins modern security estates.
(See: IP Security System Installation)

Cloud-managed. The control application runs in the cloud, offering web access, automatic updates and simpler multi-site management. Whether on-prem or cloud, specify equipment that meets BS EN 60839-11-1 performance requirements and follow recognised codes of practice like NSI NCP 109 for design, installation, commissioning and maintenance. 

Life safety and compliance you cannot ignore

Security can never compromise safe escape. UK practice is clear that electronically controlled doors on escape routes must release on fire alarm or relevant fault conditions. BS 7273-4 sets out how door release mechanisms should actuate in a fire—the detail your fire and access contractors should coordinate on during design and commissioning. If you’re ever in doubt, insist on an explicit fire interface design and test. Industry bodies and standards pages provide accessible summaries if you need to brief internal stakeholders. 

Compliance also touches data. If you deploy biometrics, treat the templates and event logs as personal data and—where used to uniquely identify people—special category data, requiring stronger safeguards, governance and typically a DPIA before roll-out. The ICO has clear guidance on definitions and expectations that you should incorporate into policies and supplier due diligence. 

Integrations that elevate security

The best systems don’t operate in silos. Pairing access control with CCTV means you can instantly review video for a forced door or suspicious entry, enrich incident investigations, and deter tailgating. Linking with intruder alarms allows “first-in, last-out” logic so alarms arm/disarm automatically with legitimate movement. We’ve detailed practical patterns and benefits in our knowledge base article on CCTV, access control and alarm integration.
(See: CCTV–Access Control–Alarm Integration)

From a governance perspective, NPSA’s security best-practice materials emphasise clear policy, signage and staff awareness so your technology is supported by good procedures on the ground. 

How to match “type” to your environment

Start with a short, structured assessment: the risks you’re mitigating, the areas you’re protecting, the number of users and visitors, occupancy patterns, and any specific compliance requirements. Then choose the credential type (cards/fobs, PINs, biometrics, mobile) and reader mix that matches each zone’s risk and throughput. Use higher assurance at sensitive rooms; keep friction low at busy common doors. Decide on the architecture (networked or cloud) to suit your scale and IT posture, and plan integrations from day one so CCTV and alarms share events. Finally, lock in life-safety behaviour with your fire contractor and document it thoroughly.

If you’re weighing options and want a pragmatic design that aligns with UK standards and operational realities, our specialists can help—from survey and design to installation and training. For organisations exploring touch-free journeys, mobile credentials and hands-free readers increasingly deliver the best blend of hygiene, convenience and control—especially when paired with strong policies and well-tuned alerts.

0333 900 0101 sales@network-data-cabling.co.uk Contact us
Posted on Google Google
Andrew Matthews profile picture
Andrew Matthews
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
We commissioned a Wi-Fi survey and installation of new fibre and Cat6 cabling to support a new Wi-Fi installation from Accl in July and August of 2026. ACCL were superb from start to finish. We cannot fault the quality of the work and we received great advice on our project. Very satisfied customer!
Posted on Google Google
Brigt Valland profile picture
Brigt Valland
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
Very professional company, good at understanding our need and efficient delivery of new building network- and WIFI infrastructure. An extra star for making it easy for me to "remote" organize this from Norway.
Posted on Google Google
Siobhan Codd profile picture
Siobhan Codd
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
We used ACCL for a full WiFi and network install at our Old Street office and are very pleased with the result. They supplied and installed seven Ubiquiti WiFi access points, a UniFi Dream Machine, a 24 port Layer 3 Ubiquiti switch, and ran new Cat6A Leviton cabling with two ports to every AP. The whole job was neat, well planned and done to a very high standard. The coverage across the office is excellent and it looks pretty cool too! Would happily recommend them to anyone needing cabling or network infrastructure done properly.
Posted on Google Google
Mark Cooper profile picture
Mark Cooper
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
An excellent service from start to finish! The ACCL team installed our new network cabling, the foundation in readiness for supplying and installing a new IP CCTV camera system, professionally and efficiently. They were punctual, knowledgeable, and took the time to ensure everything was installed neatly and working perfectly. Their attention to detail and customer service were outstanding. I very much appreciate the initial project management and upfront planning, which combined to secure a successful delivery. I would highly recommend them to anyone looking for reliable network cabling or CCTV installation. Thank you for a fantastic job.
Posted on Google Google
Mohammed Alhashimi profile picture
Mohammed Alhashimi
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Wayne and his team for the excellent work they carried out. From start to finish, they were professional, reliable, efficient, and clearly took great pride in delivering a high standard of service. They were professional, efficient, and paid great attention to detail, ensuring everything was neat, clearly labelled, well organised, and completed to a very high standard. The end result was clean, structured, and exactly what we needed. Wayne and his team were reliable, courteous, and clearly committed to doing the job properly rather than simply getting it done. I would highly recommend them to anyone looking for professional cabling work and a team that genuinely takes pride in the quality of their finish.
Posted on Google Google
Laurence Rutter profile picture
Laurence Rutter
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
So easy to deal with! Great price and great guys! Did exactly what they agreed, on time and in budget. Would thoroughly recommend them to anyone.
Posted on Google Google
AlonMel Music profile picture
AlonMel Music
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
Wayne and team did an excellent job tidying our office data cabinet over the weekend. Professional, clean work—they went above and beyond with cable management and even relocated the router. Communication was impeccable throughout. Highly recommend.
Posted on Google Google
Amritpal Singh profile picture
Amritpal Singh
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
"Outstanding service from ACCL. They did an incredible job with our networking and data cabling. The setup is neat, professional, and works perfectly. Extremely knowledgeable and easy to work with. I’ll definitely be using them for all our future IT needs!" Huge Shout to Wayne Connors and David Little for managing this.
Posted on Google Google
Andy Dawson profile picture
Andy Dawson
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
We've worked with Wayne, David and the ACCL team for a number of years on projects throughout London. One of very few suppliers that we never have to question their proposal on detail or price, everything is clear, transparent and fair. Projects are always completed on time and there are never any costly surprises which we had previously experienced from other suppliers. They all have a vast knowledge on anything fibre optic cabling, copper cabling or wifi. ACCL is now the only data cabling company in our phone book. Highly recommended.
Posted on Google Google
Indrajit Shah profile picture
Indrajit Shah
Google star 1Google star 2Google star 3Google star 4Google star 5Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google.
Great service and communication. Will definitely be contacting Wayne and ACCL for future projects.
Verified by Trustindex
Trustindex verified badge is the Universal Symbol of Trust. Only the greatest companies can get the verified badge who has a review score above 4.5, based on customer reviews over the past 12 months. Read more

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